The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.